A Four-Partner Plant–Virus Interaction: Enemies Can Also Come from Within

A four-partner plant–virus interaction: enemies can also come from within.

Plant viruses are disseminated by either vertical (vegetative multiplication or sexual reproduction) or horizontal (vector-mediated) propagation. Plant pararetroviruses—members of the Caulimoviridae family—have developed an alternative strategy for vertical propagation via integration within the host plant genome, although integration is not required for viral replication. Integra...

Bacteria in the intestine, helpful residents or enemies from within?

Humans evolved in the presence of numerous microbial communities that preceded the appearance of mammals on planet Earth. The role of these microbial communities in our evolution is a matter of considerable interest. Indeed, comparative studies with germfree and conventional animals have established that the intestinal microflora is essential for the development and function of the mucosal immu...

Can I Find a Partner?

We study open nets as Petri net models of web services, with a link to the practically relevant language WS-BPEL. For those nets, we investigate the problem of serviceableness which we consider as fundamental as the successful notion of soundness for workflow nets, i.e. Petri net models of business processes and workflows. While we could give algorithmic solutions to the serviceableness problem...

Can fearlessness come in a tiny package?

A molecule called microRNA-153 helps to prevent rats associating new environments with fear.

You can come home again.